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Research & Engineering Archive

ECMS 7. Light and Quantum

By Jingnan Huang · November 18, 2024 · 10562 Words

Last Edit: 18/11/24

Light
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PMMA
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Electromagnetic Spectrum 电磁光谱
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Electromagnetic Radiation 电磁辐射
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 Photons 光子
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$$E = \frac{hC}{\lambda}$$

Photoelectric effect 光电效应
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Wave-Particle Duality 波粒二象性
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Electron volt 电子伏特(eV)
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Atom 原子
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Isotopes 同位素
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The Bohr Model of the Atom 原子的玻尔模型
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Limitation 局限性
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom 原子的量子力学模型
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Principal Quantum Number 主量子数 (n)
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Angular Momentum Quantum Number 角动量量子数 ℓ
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The Magnetic Quantum Number  磁量子数 ml
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Spin Quantum Number 自旋量子数 (s)
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Eletron‘s Spin 电子的自旋
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Summarize
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1. Principle Quantum Number 主量子数
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2. Angular Momentum Qunatum 角量子数
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3. Magnetic Quantum Number 磁量子数
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4. Spin Quantum Number 自旋量子数
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Electron Configuration
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The Electron Configuration of Carbon
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When 4s is Closer Than 3d Writting Format
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Physical Reason Under
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Titanium
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Few Exceptions 特例
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Vanadium
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$$1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^3 4s^2$$

Chromium
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$$1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^5 4s^1$$

Copper
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$$1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^{10} 4s^1$$

Octet Stability
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Ionic Bond
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离子键的形成过程
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电子转移与离子形成
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离子键的特性
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Colvaent Bond
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Metallic Bonding
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Sea of Electrons Model
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Valence electrons 价电子
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Ion core 离子核
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Conductivity of Sea of Electrons Model 导电性

Ductility
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Ceramic
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Polymer
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Duality
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Conductivity
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Form of Crystal of Salt
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I know that NaCl forms an ordered solid, but why?

Sublimation of Sodium 钠的升华
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$$Na(s)​→Na(g)​$$

Ionization of Sodium Atom 钠原子电离
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Bond Dissociation of Chlorine Molecule 氯的解离
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$$\frac{1}{​2}Cl_2(g)​→Cl(g)​$$

Formation of a chlorine anion
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$$Cl(g)​+e^−→Cl(g)^−​$$

Forming the ionic crystal
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$$Na(g)+​Cl(g)^−​→NaCl(s)$$

虽然第一步是吸热的,但整个反应通过后续的强烈放热步骤补偿了这一点。整体反应的自由能变化 (ΔG\Delta GΔG) 是负的,因而是自发的。这解释了为什么钠和氯最终可以自然形成盐晶体

The Band Theory 能带效应
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电子能级由于相互的排斥作用发生分裂

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Bonding in Metals Like Copper
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Conductivity
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Bonding in Metals Like Magnesium
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Bonding in Ceramics and Polymers
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Valence Band 价带
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Full Band满带
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Conduction Band 导带
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Simiconductor 半导体
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Conductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors
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Back To Light
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Energy efficiency of the building
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Light & Metal
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Silicon 硅
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sp3 Hybridization 轨道杂化理论
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Diamond Cubic
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Tetrahedral Configuration
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Semiconductors
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Intrinsic Semiconductors 本征半导体
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Hole 空穴
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Conductivity 电导率
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Concentration of electrons 电子浓度 n
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Concentration of holes 空穴浓度
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Mobility 迁移率
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Charge 电荷
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Extrinsic Semiconductors 外延半导体
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Extrinsic n-Type Semiconductors 外本征n型半导体
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Donor Level供体能级
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Extrinsic p-Type Semiconductors
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Solid Ionic Conductivity
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