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EF 1. Coulomb's Law Edited

By Jingnan Huang · March 21, 2025 · 2085 Words

Last Edit: 3/21/25

Coulomb’s Law 库仑定律
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Electrostatic Force专指静止或相对静止的电荷之间的作用力 Electric Force则为更广义的术语,指电场对电荷施加的作用力

$$ F = \frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0} \frac{|q_1||q_2|}{r^2} \quad (\text{Coulomb’s law}) $$

Permittivity Constant 体现了材料对电场的响应能力。真空介电常数是固定值,而不同材料的介电常数决定了其在电场中的行为特性

ex. Electrostatic Force’s Net Force
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In the figure four particles form a square with edge length \(a = 3.64 × 10⁻²\) m. The charges are \(q₁ = q₄ = 1.77 × 10⁻¹⁵\) C and \(q₂ = q₃ = q\)

(a) What is q if the net electrostatic force on particle 1 is zero?

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Shell Theorem 壳定理
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Shell Theorem #1
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Shell Theorem #2
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Charge on Conducting Spherical Shell 导体球壳
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Conductor & Insulator 导体和绝缘体
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Conducting Path 传导路径
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Grounding 接地
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Discharge 放电
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Charged Particles 带电粒子
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Conduction electrons 价电子
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Induced Charge 感应电荷
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EF1.Coulomb’sLaw.png

Charge is Quantized 量化电荷
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$$ q = n e, \quad n = \pm 1, \pm 2, \pm 3, \ldots $$

Charge of three Particles
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Particle Symbol Charge Antiparticle Symbol Charge
Electron e or e⁻ -e Positron e⁺ +e
Proton p +e Antiproton -e
Neutron n 0 Antineutron 0

Electron的Symbol为e是因为其通常表示电子作为一种粒子的名称,而不特别强调它的电荷性质

Charge on two quarks
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Quark Symbol Charge Antiparticle Symbol Charge
Up u \(+\frac{2}{3}e\) Antiup \(\bar{u}\) \(-\frac{2}{3}e\)
Down d \(-\frac{1}{3}e\) Antidown \(\bar{d}\) \(+\frac{1}{3}e\)

Charge is Conserved 电荷守恒
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Electron Capture 电子捕获
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$$ p + e^- \rightarrow n + \nu $$