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DYN 5. R-Theta Coordinate Edited

By Jingnan Huang · March 25, 2025 · 609 Words

Last Edit: 3/25/25

当在通过一个固定点观察物体运动的时候,使用 $R-\theta$ 坐标系描述运动吗会高效很多

image.png

Position in R-Theta System
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$$ \vec r=r\hat e_r $$

Velocity in R-Theta System
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$$ \vec{v} = \frac{d\vec{r}}{dt} = \frac{d(r \hat{e}_r)}{dt} = \dot{r} \hat{e}_r + r \dot{\hat{e}}_r=\dot{r} \hat{e}_r + r \dot{\hat{e}}_r= \dot{r} \hat{e}r + r \dot{\theta} \hat{e}\theta $$

ex. Finding the velocity
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A carousel is turning at the speed of 8 rpm. A child initially at 4m from the center walks toward the center at 2m/s. Find $\vec v$

$$ \vec{V} = \dot{r} \hat{e}r + r \dot{\theta} \hat{e}\theta = -2 \hat{e}r + (14)(0.84) \hat{e}\theta \quad \text{m/s} $$

Acceleration in R-Theta System
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$$ \vec{a} = \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt} = \frac{d}{dt} (\dot{r} \hat{e}r + r \dot{\theta} \hat{e}\theta) = \ddot{r} \hat{e}r + \dot{r} \dot{\hat{e}}r + \dot{r} \dot{\theta} \hat{e}\theta + r \ddot{\theta} \hat{e}\theta + r \dot{\theta} \dot{\hat{e}}_\theta = \hat{e}r (\ddot{r} - r \dot{\theta}^2) + \hat{e}\theta (\ddot{\theta} + 2 \dot{r} \dot{\theta}) $$

$$ \Rightarrow a = \hat{e}r (\ddot{r} - r \dot{\theta}^2) + \hat{e}\theta (r\ddot{\theta} + 2 \dot{r} \dot{\theta}) $$

ex. Finding the Acceleration
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Extracted Problem Statement:

A shuttle is launched vertically and tracked by a radar station. At the instant when $\theta = 60^\circ$, $r = 9 km, $\ddot{r} = 21 \text{ m/s}^2$, and $\dot{\theta} = 0.02 \text{ s}^{-1}$, determine the acceleration vector $\vec{a}$

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计算航天器的加速度 $\mathbf{a}$,给定数据如下:

![[DYN4.NormalandTangentialCoordinates-2.png]]

Special Case: Circular Motion
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N-T Coordinate
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$$ v= ve_t $$

R-Theta Coordinate
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$$ v=\dot{r} \hat{e}r + r \dot{\theta} \hat{e}\theta $$

$$ v=r \dot{\theta} \hat{e}_\theta $$

Clockwise & Counter Clockwise
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Screenshot 2025-03-13 at 14.58.36.png